Activism

Over 70 Organisations Demand Minister Davies Finalise the IP Policy

Over 70 organisations globally have called on the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) to urgently finalise South Africa’s National Intellectual Property (IP) Policy in an open letter delivered today. You can find a PDF of the open letter below. The Fix the Patent Law campaign thanks all signatories for their support for improving access to medicines in South Africa!

Open letter from Civil Society groups to Minister Rob Davies and the Newly Appointed Cabinet on the Urgent Need to Finalise and Adopt South Africa’s National IP Policy.

We the undersigned, call on Minister Rob Davies and the newly appointed Cabinet to urgently reform South Africa’s patent system in line with the Constitutional obligation to take legislative steps to realise the right to health.

Under the leadership of Minister Rob Davies, the Department of Trade and Industry published South Africa’s draft National Policy on Intellectual Property (IP) in September 2013. The draft policy proposes a number of critical and long overdue reforms that dramatically increase affordability of medicines and brighten the future of healthcare in South Africa. Minister Davies and the wider Cabinet must now act urgently to finalise and adopt a policy that fulfils Constitutional requirements and makes full use of public health related flexibilities available under international intellectual property law.

South Africa grants an excessive number of pharmaceutical patents – making the country an outlier by international standards. In 2008 alone, South Africa granted 2442 medicine patents, while from 2003-2008 Brazil only granted 273. One of the reasons for excess patenting is that South Africa grants medicine patents without examining them to determine if they meet the country’s (already low) standard for what is patentable.

The multinational pharmaceutical industry takes full advantage of this lack of review. By continuously making obvious, minor modifications to existing medicines, or filing patents for new uses of old medicines, pharmaceutical companies are able to continually extend their 20-year patent monopolies. This has lead to South Africans paying unnecessarily high prices for a number of medicines because there is no competition from cost-effective generic suppliers. This is costing the government millions of Rands and is contributing to South Africa’s worryingly large pharmaceutical trade deficit. Most importantly it is denying people access to life-saving medicines.

The international legal framework on patents provides countries with various tools to strike a better balance between the private interests of patent holders and the right to affordable access to medicines. South Africa could examine patent applications, set higher criteria for what is deserving of a patent, allow third party oppositions to applications, and ensure flexibility in accessing entirely new drugs that offer a public health benefit. By allowing fewer poor quality patents to be granted through higher standards, opposition procedures, and rigorous examination, South Africa could ensure that generic competitors are able to enter the market sooner. Generic competition has proven to be the most effective way to push prices down to truly affordable levels. Generic competition was the key factor in the massive drop from around R100,000 in 2000 to R1080 today in annual per person costs for year of standard first-line ARV treatment.

The South African government has started to address this issue but continued delays are threatening the fundamental changes needed. South Africa’s National IP Policy has been in development for over six years at the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). This is the third South African administration that has presided over the process. There has been extensive consultation on the draft policy that was released last September – we understand that the DTI received more than 200 submissions on the draft policy. This has not been a rushed process, and no party can claim not to have had an opportunity to provide input.

We cannot afford to wait any longer. Given South Africa’s extremely high burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases, and the continuing rise in healthcare costs, there is a pressing need to take urgent steps to address access to many important medicines.

The reforms proposed in the draft policy are not radical. Each reform is entirely lawful. Each reform is sanctioned by the World Trade Organization, the World Intellectual Property Organization, and the World Health Organization. Each reform is in accordance with international intellectual property law (the TRIPS Agreement). Similar reforms have already been implemented in other countries such as Argentina, Brazil and India. The reforms do not seek to break the patent system and will not remove the incentive to invest in researching truly new and innovative medicines. There is no legal reason to delay the policy and correlative patent law reform any longer. To the contrary, the Constitution demands that reasonable legislative measures that increase access to healthcare must be implemented promptly.

South Africa’s ruling party, the African National Congress (ANC), and the main opposition party, the Democratic Alliance (DA), both expressed strong support for reform of South Africa’s patent laws before the election. The parties were responding to a question on pro-public health reform of South Africa’s patent laws in the Treatment Action Campaign’s (TAC) People’s Health Manifesto. Furthermore both parties expressed urgency in response to this question.

While we are critical of the length of time this process has taken to date, we hope that the continuity in the Ministry means no further delays will occur. Without major reform of the existing patent system and further investment in critical R&D, many medicines will remain unaffordable, unavailable, and unsuitable across South Africa. Healthcare is not a privilege for the few. The South African government must do all in its power to actively realise the right to health in line with their Constitutional obligations by rapidly finalising and adopting South Africa’s National IP Policy without further delay.

Signed,

Treatment Action Campaign, South Africa

SECTION27, South Africa

Doctors Without Borders, South Africa

Equal Education, South Africa

Lawyers for Human Rights, South Africa 

Budget Expenditure Monitoring Forum (BEMF), South Africa

People’s Health Movement, South Africa

UKZN IP & Access to Medicines Programme, School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Khayelitsha, South Africa

AIDS & Rights Alliance for Southern Africa (ARASA), Southern Africa

National Association of People Living with HIV and AIDS (NAPWA), South Africa

HIV Clinicians Society, South Africa

Diamond Life, South Africa

Stop Stockouts Project, South Africa

Social Justice Coalition, South Africa

Ndifuna Ukwazi (Dare to Know), South Africa

Global TB Community Advisory Board (TB CAB), South Africa

Artists for a New South Africa

Pan-African Treatment Access Movement, Africa

Swaziland Positive Living (SWAPOL), Swaziland

International Community of Women Living With HIV Zimbabwe Chapter, Zimbabwe

Pan-African Positive Women’s Coalition (PAPWC), Zimbabwe

AIDS Law Project, Kenya

National Empowerment Network of PLHAs in Kenya (NEPHAK), Kenya

RAP+ Afique CentraleWorking Group on Intellectual Property (GTPI/Rebrip), BrazilAssociação Brasileira Interdisciplinar de AIDS (Brazilian Interdisciplinary AIDS Association) (ABIA), BrazilConectas Direitos Humanos (Conectas Human Rights), BrazilFederação Nacional dos Farmacêuticos (National Federation of Pharmacists) (FENAFAR), BrazilGrupo de Apoio à Prevenção à AIDS de São Paulo (Support Group for AIDS Prevention in São Paulo) (GAPA/SP), BrazilGrupo de Apoio à Prevenção à AIDS do Rio Grande do Sul (Support Group for AIDS Prevention in Rio Grande do Sul) (GAPA/RS), BrazilSoropositividade, Comunicação e Gênero (GESTOS – HIV+, Communication and Gender), BrazilGrupo de Incentivo à Vida (Incentive to Life Group) (GIV), BrazilGrupoPela Vidda/SP (Group for Life in São Paulo), BrazilGrupo Pela Vidda/RJ (Group for Life in Rio de Janeiro), BrazilGrupo de Resistência Asa Branca (Resistance Group Asa Branca) (GRAB), BrazilInstituto Brasileiro de Defesa do Consumidor (Brazilian Institute for Consumers Protection) (IDEC), BrazilNetwork of People Living with HIV/AIDS Maranhão (RNP+/MA), BrazilFundación GEP, ArgentinaRed Argentina de Personas Positivas (REDAR Positiva), ArgentinaRed Latinoamericana por el Acceso a Medicamentos (RedLAM), Latin America

Positive Malaysian Treatment Access & Advocacy Group (MTAAG+), Malaysia

Delhi Network of Positive People (DNP+), India

Lawyers Collective, India

Asia Pacific Network of People Living with HIV (APN+), Asia

East Europe and Central Asia Union of People Living with HIV

International Treatment Preparedness Coalition (ITPC), International

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Access Campaign, International 

Coalition PLUS, International

International AIDS Society, International

Third World Network, International

Restless Development, International

People’s Health Movement, Global

Knowledge Ecology International

American Medical Student Association (AMSA), USA

Universities Allied for Essential Medicines, USA

Open Society Foundations, USA

Health GAP (Global Access Project), USA, Uganda, Kenya

Act-Up Philadelphia, USA

I-MAK – Initiative for Medicines, Access & Knowledge, USA

Student Global AIDS Campaign (SGAC), USA

Treatment Action Group (TAG), USA

STOPAIDS, UK

Student Stop AIDS Campaign, UK

HIV i-Base, UK

RESULTS UK

Health Poverty Action, UK

Friends of Treatment Action Campaign (FoTAC), UK

Universities Allied for Essential Medicines (UAEM), UK

SHAFTED?! Building the HIV Army, UK

Act-Up Basel, Switzerland

Act Up-Paris, France

All-Ukrainian Network of PLWH, Ukraine

Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations, Australia